Infrared polarimetry is an emerging sensing modality that offers the potential for significantly enhanced contrast in
situations where conventional thermal imaging falls short. Polarimetric imagery leverages the different polarization
signatures that result from material differences, surface roughness quality, and geometry that are frequently different from
those features that lead to thermal signatures. Imaging of the polarization in a scene can lead to enhanced understanding,
particularly when materials in a scene are at thermal equilibrium. Polaris Sensor Technologies has measured the
polarization signatures of oil on water in a number of different scenarios and has shown significant improvement in
detection through the contrast improvement offered by polarimetry. The sensing improvement offers the promise of
automated detection of oil spills and leaks for routine monitoring and accidents with the added benefit of being able to
continue monitoring at night. In this paper, we describe the instrumentation, and the results of several measurement
exercises in both controlled and uncontrolled conditions
В работе представлен краткий обзор подходов для моделирования взаимодействия
поляризованного света с мутными рассевающими средами. В данной работе представлены несколько
реализаций программ Монте–Карло, отслеживающих состояние поляризации рассеянного света. Рассмотрено
несколько классов моделей, основанных на формализме Стокса–Мюллера и формализме Джонса.
Проанализированы их преимущества и недостатки
Датчики систем пожарной охраны для бюджетного потребителя имеют высокую долю ложных срабатываний. Представлен проект многоспектральной системы обнаружения возгорания, в которой полезный сигнал выделяется на фоне ложных помех путем комбинации сигналов с сенсоров, анализирующих изображения в нескольких спектральных (видимом, среднем ИК-, тепловом ИК-) диапазонах. Приведены результаты тестовых испытаний
В работе обсуждается современное состояние технологии получения, а также особенности мирового рынка арсенида галлия, дан анализ тенденций его развития. Рассмотрены особенности различных технологий выращивания кристаллов арсенида галлия; проведен анализ характеристик получаемых материалов, приборов на их основе, а также основных производителей
В статье показаны результаты краткого анализа рынка GaAs-пластин, представлен обзор основных продуктов оптоэлектроники, перечислены мировые производители-лидеры
изделий (слитков, пластин и эпитаксиальных слоев) GaAs и рассмотрена ситуация российской базы производства GaAs-материалов. Двойное полупроводниковое соединение арсенид галлия (GaAs) – традиционный материал СВЧ‑электроники. До недавних пор одним из наиболее быстрорастущих сегментов рынка применений этого материала были высокочастотные интегральные схемы (ИС) на GaAs для мобильной телефонии. Однако
парадигма развития рынка GaAs меняется.
Новым двигателем развития мирового рынка арсенида галлия становится фотоника.
The outstanding Russian soil scientist N.M. Tulaykov lived and worked at the beginning of the twentieth century, and made a great contribution to the scientific basis of agriculture in southern Russia. Coming from the poorest peasant family, he received an excellent education and worked with other eminent scientists. In 1908-1910 he was sent on a scientific and practical trip to the USA, Germany and Britain. In 1910 he was appointed as a director of Bezenchukskaya agricultural experiment station. From 1915 he headed the Agricultural Chemical Laboratory in Petrograd; from 1918 he was a Chairman of the Agricultural Scientific Committee at the Russian Ministry of Agriculture. From 1920 to the end of his life he headed the field-growing department at Saratov experimental station and was a professor at Saratov Agricultural Institute. He developed and promoted the dry farming system to combat famine (including famine in the Volga region in 1921-1923). He was unjustly repressed and died tentatively in 1937-1938 in the Solovki or in prison in Saratov.
The paper considers a new method for finding patterns in a chaotic system and an algorithm implementing it that automatically computes geometric, physical, and other possible interactions based on preferences between objects in a chaotic system in a reasonable computational time, selecting the only possible solution from the whole population. The algorithm has P-class simplicity in solving NP-class problems, bringing machine intelligence as close as possible to human intelligence. Descriptions of original solutions to a number of technical and creative problems are presented.
Using the formation of the Solar System as an example, it is shown that the Solar System evolves from chaos caused by a Supernova explosion to an ordered, deterministic structure or from chaos to order. Since there are billions of such structures in our Metagalaxy, it is concluded that ordering processes are prevalent in the Universe, which contradicts the definition of entropy accepted in the literature, according to which increasing entropy occurs in the direction of increasing disorder. This is explained by the fact that in cosmic processes, other forms of energy take an essential part, along with thermal energy, such as gravitational, electromagnetic or chemical energy, to which total entropy there can be assigned, and the last is not a measure of disorder and chaos in a thermodynamic system. In other words, the increase of total entropy in cosmic processes is not connected with the increase of disorder; and on the contrary, the more probable states are more ordered.
The paper discusses extreme precipitation recorded at 14 weather stations on the western coast of the Black Sea according to reanalysis data and at two weather stations according to observation data. Comparison of observation data with reanalysis data has been carried out. The relationship between extreme precipitation at each station and elementary circulation mechanisms (ECMs) has been analyzed according to typing by B.L. Dzerdzeevsky, V.M. Kurganskaya and Z.M. Vitvitskaya. The ECMs at which precipitation extremes were observed simultaneously at several stations were identified. It was determined at which ECMs on the western coast of the Black Sea extreme precipitation events occur most often and the multi-year changes in the duration of these ECMs were analysed.
The paper discusses extreme precipitation recorded at 12 meteorological stations on the Eastern Coast of the Black Sea according to reanalysis data and at three stations according to their observations. Comparison of observational data with reanalysis data is carried out. The relationship between extreme precipitations at each station and elementary circulation mechanisms (ECMs) according to typification developed by B.L. Dzerdzeevsky, V.M. Kurganskaya, and Z.M. Vitvitskaya has been analysed. ECMs was revealed, at which precipitation extremes were noted simultaneously at several stations. It has been established at which ECMs on the Eastern coast of the Black Sea extreme precipitation most often occurs, and long-term changes in the duration of these ECMs are analysed.